For this article I will talk about Environment Triggers.
What is an Environment Trigger?
A environment trigger is an area that is placed in a scenario for execute an action when passes through a certain area.
For this article I will make two examples of the environment triggers, a for drop an object, and other for turn lights on and off.
So for our first trigger an object will dropped when your player enters the trigger area, done that this he will reposition the dropped object three seconds that the user exits the area.
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class FirstTrigger : MonoBehaviour
{
private bool playTimer;
private float timer;
public Rigidbody rigidbodyObjectThatWillDrop;
public Transform transformObjectThatWillDrop;
public Transform beginPositionOfObject;
public float maxTimer;
private void Update()
{
if (playTimer)
{
timer += Time.deltaTime;
if (timer >= maxTimer)
{
timer = 0;
playTimer = false;
ResetPosition();
}
}
}
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
if (other.gameObject.CompareTag("Player"))
{
rigidbodyObjectThatWillDrop.useGravity = true;
timer = 0;
}
}
private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
{
if (other.gameObject.CompareTag("Player"))
playTimer = true;
}
void ResetPosition()
{
rigidbodyObjectThatWillDrop.useGravity = false;
transformObjectThatWillDrop.position = beginPositionOfObject.position;
}
}
As you can see this is very simple, you only detect the enter and the exit of the player through the methods OnTriggerEnter and OnTriggerExit and after this, execute your actions.
Our Second Trigger will switch off the lights, when the user enters, and when the user exits the lights will to switch on.
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class SecondTrigger : MonoBehaviour
{
public Light[] environmentLights;
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
if(other.gameObject.CompareTag("Player"))
{
for (int i = 0; i < environmentLights.Length; i++)
environmentLights[i].enabled = false;
}
}
private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
{
if (other.gameObject.CompareTag("Player"))
{
for (int i = 0; i < environmentLights.Length; i++)
environmentLights[i].enabled = true;
}
}
}
How can we see environment triggers concept is very simple and through this concept you is able to create area interactions for your game.
You can see the environment assembly and source code through the project on Github.
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What are Cameras? Cameras are the player’s eyes, it’s for them, that the player can has the experience, but this concept is very short, for a thing that is present in all games, so it’s not enough.
I cannot talk with this mode, so I will talk using a detailed mode, explaining uses, what is possible to do, how to work, etc.
Some camera uses in games:
– Create cutscenes.
– Create short presentations (for to present an environment or an enemy).
– Character’s Eyes.
– Camera’s Effects.
– Emphasize something (usually an item or goal).
So, now that I said a little about theory, let’s go to talk about the practice.
Unity gives us some options on camera components to configure some things, as you can see in the photo:
As you can see, We have many options to configure, I won’t talk about all, because otherwise the article will be too long, but I will talk about some properties such as: Field Of View (used in our practice example), Projection and Target Texture, so Let’s go.
Field Of View – Change the Camera zoom, the higher the value the smaller the zoom, and the lower the value the greater the zoom.
Projection – Change the visibility between 2D and 3D.
Target Texture – Used with a render texture. A example of this use, is for to insert camera view in UI
But this is not all, it is possible to make more things, for example: it is possible to animate in camera GameObject, camera’s position, rotation, and scale (but scale doesn’t change anything in visibility).
Here is a photo:
Also is possible to animate properties on Camera Component, we can to animate, for example: Allow MSAA, Depth, Enabled, Far clip plane, and others. I will insert photos of this window below.
Here is our first photo:
And here is our second Photo:
But this is not all, We can also create codes for work with our camera, and in this case, the limit is your knowledge.
For this article I will to make a Camera’s zoom (typically used in FPS Games) using Mouse’s right button, my camera zoom script will to have 3 Zoom options, that are:
– Default Zoom
– Medium Zoom
– Close Zoom
So let’s go to create our code.
Firstly, We need some variables, that are: an integer named _Zoom_Counter (for to count our mouse clicks), an integer named _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View, an integer named _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View, an integer named _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View, and for last, a Camera named _This_Cam, so this is our class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
Now I will to define values for our variables in Start method, so here is our class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
}
}
Very well, now with our variables ready, I will to make in Update method a system input for to execute our zoom, when Right Mouse’s has been pressed, so here is our class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse1))
Check_Zoom();
}
}
What is KeyCode.Mouse1? KeyCode.Mouse1 is responsible for to capture interaction with Right Mouse’s button.
So now We have, our input, but We don’t have our Check_Zoom method, for this method, I will firstly increase 1 in our variable named _Zoom_Counter that has value 0 currently, and so I will check _Zoom_Counter’s value with a switch, so here is our class with Check_Zoom method:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse1))
Check_Zoom();
}
void Check_Zoom()
{
_Zoom_Counter++;
switch (_Zoom_Counter)
{
case 1:
break;
case 2:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
Now our script is taking shape, our method Check_Zoom has been created, but, We need to change value on our Camera’s field of view, so for a best practice I will make a method for each zoom, and after this, I will to call each method in your respective case, in switch instruction, so for to start, I will create Set_Default_Zoom_method, so here is our class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse1))
Check_Zoom();
}
void Check_Zoom()
{
_Zoom_Counter++;
switch (_Zoom_Counter)
{
case 1:
break;
case 2:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
void Set_Default_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
}
Now We can have idea that as our class will to be, now I will to create next methods, for Medium Zoom and Close_Zoom, here is our class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse1))
Check_Zoom();
}
void Check_Zoom()
{
_Zoom_Counter++;
switch (_Zoom_Counter)
{
case 1:
break;
case 2:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
void Set_Default_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
void Set_Medium_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
void Set_Close_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
}
So with our methods created, We only need to call in our Check_Zoom_Method, but We also need to finish configuring our method, now I will make this.
In case 1, We will to use Set_Medium_Zoom
In case 2, We will to use Close_Zoom
In Default, we will set _Zoom_Counter as 0, and We will call, Set_Default_Zoom.
Lastly, We will call Set_Default_Zoom in Start method, for the case, the camera’s settings are different from our code.
So here is our finished class:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Camera_Zoom : MonoBehaviour
{
Camera _This_Cam;
private int _Zoom_Counter;
private float _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
private float _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
void Start()
{
_This_Cam = GetComponent<Camera>();
_Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 60;
_Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 20;
_Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View = 3.3f;
Set_Default_Zoom();
}
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse1))
Check_Zoom();
}
void Check_Zoom()
{
_Zoom_Counter++;
switch (_Zoom_Counter)
{
case 1:
Set_Medium_Zoom();
break;
case 2:
Set_Close_Zoom();
break;
default:
_Zoom_Counter = 0;
Set_Default_Zoom();
break;
}
}
void Set_Default_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Default_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
void Set_Medium_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Medium_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
void Set_Close_Zoom()
{
_This_Cam.fieldOfView = _Close_Zoom_Field_Of_View;
}
}
So for this article is this.
I talked about cameras, and I made a simple example of something using Camera.
